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[Section 54GA] : Exemption of Capital Gain on transfer of assets in case of shifting of Industrial Undertaking from an urban area to any Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

Section 54GA of the Income Tax Act provides an exemption on capital gains arising from the transfer of assets by an industrial undertaking or a ship or a hotel. This section aims to promote the growth of industries and encourage investment in the country.

The exemption is available to all categories of assessees in respect of capital gain arising on the transfer of fixed assets other than furniture and fittings of industrial undertaking effected in the course of shifting of such industrial undertaking to any Special Economic Zone.

The conditions for claiming exemptions are as under:

(i)         the transfer is effected in the course of or in consequence of shifting the undertaking from an urban area to any Special Economic Zone. The Special Economic Zone may be developed in any urban area or any other area.

1.   Any other area means an area not declared as an urban area.

2.   ‘Urban area’ means any such area within the limits of a municipal corporation or municipality, as the Central Government may, having regard to the population, concentration of industries, need for proper planning of the area and other relevant factors, by general or special order, declare to be an urban area for the purposes of this sub-section;

3.   “Special Economic Zone” means each Special Economic Zone notified under the proviso to section 3(4) and section(1) of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 (including Free Trade and Warehousing Zone) and includes an existing Special Economic Zone. [Section 2(za) of the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005].

 

(ii)        asset transferred is machinery, plant, building, land or any right in building or land used for the business of industrial undertaking in an urban area;

(iii)       the capital gain arising on the asset transferred may be short-term or long-term capital gain. Normally, it will be short-term capital gain because most of the assets of the industrial undertaking will be depreciable assets;

(iv)       the capital gain is utilised within 1 year before or 3 years after the date of transfer for the specified purpose.

Specified purpose includes the following:

(a)        for purchase of new machinery or plant for the purpose of business of the Industrial Undertaking in the Special Economic Zone to which the said undertaking is shifted;

(b)        acquisition of building or land or construction of building for the purposes of the assesse&s business in the Special Economic Zone;

(c)        expenses on shifting of the old undertaking and its establishment to the Special Economic Zone; and

(d)        incurring of expenditure on such other purposes as specified by the Central Government for this purpose.

Quantum of Deduction:

1.         If the capital gain, on transfer of the original asset, is equal to or less than the cost and expenses incurred for the above specified purposes, the entire capital gain shall be exempt.

2.         If the capital gain on transfer of the original asset is greater than the cost and expenses incurred for the specified purposes then the exemption shall be allowed to the extent of the cost and expenses incurred.

In other words, capital gain shall be exempt to the extent it is spent for the specified purpose.

Summary :

In this blog post, we will explore the details of this exemption and the conditions that need to be fulfilled to avail it.

Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for the exemption under Section 54GA, the following conditions must be met:

  • The transfer of assets must be by an industrial undertaking, ship, or hotel
  • The transfer must be in the context of shifting the industrial undertaking or hotel from an urban area to any Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
  • The transfer must take place within a specified time frame

Time Frame

The transfer of assets must take place within 1 year before or 3 years after the date on which the industrial undertaking or hotel begins to operate in the SEZ. This time frame ensures that the exemption is only available for genuine cases where the intent is to shift the business to an SEZ and not for any other purpose.

Exemption Amount

The exemption under Section 54GA is equal to the amount of capital gains arising from the transfer of assets. This means that the entire capital gain can be exempted from tax, resulting in significant tax savings for the assessee.

Utilization of Exemption Amount

The amount of exemption can be utilized by the assessee for purchasing new assets for the industrial undertaking or hotel in the SEZ. The new assets must be acquired within 1 year from the date of transfer of the original assets. This provision ensures that the funds saved from the exemption are reinvested in the growth of the business.

Documentation Requirements

To claim the exemption under Section 54GA, the assessee must submit the necessary documents and proofs to the income tax department. These documents include:

  • Proof of transfer of assets
  • Proof of shifting the industrial undertaking or hotel to the SEZ
  • Proof of purchase of new assets in the SEZ
  • Any other documents as required by the income tax department

Conclusion

The exemption provided under Section 54GA of the Income Tax Act is a beneficial provision for industrial undertakings, ships, and hotels looking to relocate to a Special Economic Zone. By availing this exemption, businesses can save a significant amount of tax and reinvest the funds in their growth. However, it is important to fulfil all the eligibility criteria and comply with the documentation requirements to successfully claim the exemption.

Scheme of Deposit in Capital Gains Accounts Scheme, 1988:

The amount of capital gain which is not utilised by the assessee towards the cost and expenses specified, before the date of furnishing of the return of income, shall be deposited, before the due date of the furnishing of the return, in a capital gains account scheme. The proof of such deposit shall be attached with the return. In this case the amount already utilised by the assessee for the specified purpose, along with the amount so deposited shall he deemed to the cost/expenditure specified and shall be eligible for exemption.

Consequences where the amount deposited in the Capital Gains Accounts Scheme is not utilised for the specified purpose within the specified period:

The amount not so utilised shall be charged as capital gains, short-term or long-term depending upon the capital gain on the original transfer, of the previous year in which the period of 3 years from the date of transfer of the original asset expires. In this case, the assessee shall be eligible to withdraw the amount from the scheme.

Consequences where the new asset is transferred within a period of 3 years of its purchase or construction:

In this case, the capital gain, which was exempt earlier u/s 54G, shall be deducted from the cost of acquisition of the new asset for the purpose of computation of capital gain in respect of the transfer of the new asset.

Related Topics....Under the head 'Capital Gain'

Capital Assets, Capital Gain & Transfer of Capital Assets for Taxation of 'Capital Gain'
Types of Capital Assets for Computing ‘Capital Gain’
Computation Of ‘Period Of Holding of an Asset' for Computing Gapital Gain [Explanation 1(i) to Section 2(42A)]
Transfer Of A Capital Asset [Section 2(47)] for Computing Capital Gain
Transactions Not regarded as ‘Transfer’ for Computing Capital Gain [Section 46 and 47]
Method of Computing Capital Gain [Section 48]
Deemed Cost of Acquisition of Asset for Computing Capital Gain
[Section 55(2)] : Cost of Acquisiton of Assets for Computation of Capital Gain
Capital Gains Accounts Scheme, 1988.
Types of Capital Gain
Tax on Long-Term Capital Gain in certain Cases (Section 112A)
Exemption of Capital Gains under Section 10 and 115JG

Exemption of Capital Gains under Sections 54, 54B, 54D, 54EC, 54EE, 54F, 54G, 54GB anf 54H

(Section 54) : Exemption of Capital Gains from the Transfer of Residential House Property
(Section 54B) : Exemption of Capital Gain on Transfer of Land used for Agricultural Purposes
(Section 54D) : Exemption of Capital Gains on Compulsory Acquisition Of Land And Buildings forming part of Industrial Undertaking
(Section-54EC) : Exemption of Capital Gain on Transfer of any Long Term Capital Asset on the basis of Investment in certain Bonds
(Section 54EE) : Capital Gain not to be charged on Investment in Units of a Specified Fund
[Section 54F] : Exemption of Capital Gain on Transfer Of Long-Term Capital Assets other than a House Property
[Section 54G] : Capital Gain on Shifting of Industrial Undertaking from Urban Areas to Non-Urban Areas :
[Section 54GA] : Exemption of Capital Gain on transfer of assets in case of shifting of Industrial Undertaking from an urban area to any Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
(Section 54GB) : Exemption of Long term Capital Gain Tax on Transfer of Residential Property if Net Consideration is Invested in the Equity Shares of a new Start-up SME Company :
(Section 54H) : Extension of time limit for acquiring new Asset or Depositing or Investing amount of Capital Gain, in case of Compulsory Acquisition :

Capital Gain in various Special Cases - How to Find Out or Calculate

  1. Capital Gain from Zero Coupon Bonds

  2. Capital Gain in case of amount Received from an Insurer on account of Damage or Destruction of any Capital Asset [Section 45(1A)]:

  3. Capital Gain in the case of Transfer of Depreciable Assets [Section 50] -

  4. Capital Gain on Conversion of Capital Asset into Stock-in-Trade [Section 45(2)]-

  5. Capital Gain on Transfer of Capital Asset by a Partner/Memeber to a Firm/AOP/BOI as Capital contribution [Section 45(3)]-

  6. Capital Gain on Distribution of Capital Assets by a Firm, AOP/BOI to Partners at the time of Dissolution [Section 45(4)]-

  7. Capital Gain on Compulsory Acquisition of a Capital Asset [Section 45(5)]-

  8. Computation of Capital Gains in case of Joint Development Agreement [Section 45(5A)] [W.e.f. A.Y. 2018-19]

  9. Capital Gain on Conversion of Debentures / Bonds into Shares [Section 47(x), 49(2A) and rule 8AA] :

  10. Capital Gain on Transfer of Shares / Debentures in the hands of Non-Residents (Proviso 1 to Section 48 and Rule 115A) :

  11. Capital Gain on Transfer of Self-Generated Capital Assets :

  12. Capital Gain on Transfer of Bonus Shares -

  13. Capital Gain on Transfer of Right Entitlement -

  14. Capital Gain on Transfer of Securities in Demat Form -

  15. Capital Gains on Distribution of Assets by Companies in Liquidation [Section 46]:

  16. Computation of Capital Gains in the case of Transfer of Land and Building or in Real Estate Transactions [Section 50C] -

  17. Capital Gains on Purchase by Company of its Own Shares or Other Specified Securities [Section 46A]:

  18. Capital Gain on Sale of Land and Building to be computed separately in case of Building Constructed by the Assessee:

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